Antigone - 1899 Words

Antigone and Ismene are were given the same opportunity for redemption. If this play is looked at from a contextual point a view, we could say that the respect for the Gods and afterlife was the number one priority. During the first scene of the play Antigone, we see the character differences of Antigone and Ismene as they take different stances on what to do about polyneceis. Antigone and Ismene have different motivations for their actions in life, which come from their value of human life or the afterlife. Citatiation : Antigone: There it is, and now you can prove what you are: a true sister, or a traitor to your family. Ismene: Bury him! You have just said the new law forbids it. Citation Antigone: I say that this crime†¦show more content†¦I too have a duty that I must discharge to the dead (886). There is a new fear of what will happen to her in the afterlife, as opposed to what will happen to her in the present, which shows us that Ismene is now acting only in reaction to what she believes she should fear the most. Her fears dictate her actions at this point, which contrasts with Antigones steadfast nature and makes her perceived as courageous and noble for burying her brother while being aware of the consequences of her decisions. I should have praise and honor for what I have done (885). Antigone is standing up to the king by challenging his authority. She has no doubts about her stand point. When Antigone is questioned by the King again, she doesnt deny any of her actions; regardless of the power her uncle has over the preservation of her life. Never the less, there are honours due all the dead (886). She believes that her actions were jus t and willingly accepts the consequences, as her conversation corners king Creon causing him cursing Antigone if you must have your love, Find it in Hell! (886). She stands strong against King Creon because she holds such strong convictions for her beliefs, and unlike her sister Ismene, would not be swayed by fear of punishment, or even death. The strong convictions towards the afterlife are easilyShow MoreRelatedAntigone By Sophocles Antigone1525 Words   |  7 Pagesnothing that the gods demand† (1349-1350). Sophocles’ Antigone takes place in a trying time for the city of Thebes, when Oedipus, their king, and most of the royal family have died, and Creon has just been appointed the new king. Throughout the play, Creon tries on his power as the new ruler, and seems to believe that the gods will not be angry with some of his choices as king, even though they directly violate the divine law. However, in Antigone, when there is a conflict between the divine law andRea d Moreantigone987 Words   |  4 Pageshamartia and lastly they need to realize their mistakes and accept their consequences. In Antigone, there are two main characters that fit the criteria of a tragic hero, but only the protagonist, Antigone meets all of the conditions. Antigone meets the second requirement of a tragic heroine, by fulfilling the criteria of being neither entirely good nor completely bad. In the opening of the play, Antigone asks her sister, Ismene to help her give Polynieces a proper burial but Ismene disagrees becauseRead MoreThe Choices Of Antigone And Sophocles Antigone1560 Words   |  7 Pagesthat Antigone and Creon face in Sophocles’ Antigone differ, their decisions often end up pitted against each other’s, inviting comparison. Since I am juxtaposing the characters’ degrees of rightness, I believe that the rightness of the reasoning, not just their ultimate stances, should be examined. The entirety of his or her argument, not just the conclusion, must be taken into account. I’ll also note that my perspective of rightness could and does conflict with that of the gods in Antigone and SophoclesRead MoreCharacterization of Antigone in Sophocles Antigone2448 Words   |  10 PagesSophocles’ tra gic drama, Antigone, presents to the reader a full range of characters: static and dynamic, flat and round; they are portrayed mostly through the showing technique. In â€Å"Sophocles’ Praise of Man and the Conflicts of the Antigone,† Charles Paul Segal takes the stand that there are two protagonists in the drama (which conflicts with this reader’s interpretation): This is not to say that there are not conceptual issues involved in the characters of Creon and Antigone. But the issues areRead MoreAntigone Summary771 Words   |  4 Pagesunburied to rot. Antigone was dejected with Creon’s ruling and decided to bury Polynices herself. She tried to enlist Ismene to help her, but Ismene was to afraid. Antigone furiously continued with the plan on her own. A sentry discovered Antigone and brought her to Creon. Ismene was also brought to Creon and confessed that she had helped Antigone with the burial rites of Polynices. Antigone stopped Ismene and told her not to admit to an act that she had not committed. Antigone took sole responsibilityRead MoreAntigone2454 Words   |  10 PagesAntigone– The Characterization Sophocles’ tragic drama, Antigone, presents to the reader a full range of characters: static and dynamic, flat and round; they are portrayed mostly through the showing technique. In â€Å"Sophocles’ Praise of Man and the Conflicts of the Antigone,† Charles Paul Segal takes the stand that there are two protagonists in the drama (which conflicts with this reader’s interpretation): This is not to say that there are not conceptual issuesRead More Antigone Essay1318 Words   |  6 PagesAntigone Essay In any story or piece of literature, there will always be the main characters to fill the pages with incessant adventure. The characters whose names appear on almost every page and the characters whose actions the story revolves around. However, a story will also always have its minor characters. These are the characters that contribute heavily to the plot, yet arent mentioned quite as often and are underestimated regarding their importance in the story. In the Greek masterpieceRead More Antigone Essay3001 Words   |  13 PagesSUBJECT Antigone is a play about a woman who disobeyed the Kings order to not bury her brother. The play was written by the famous Greek tragedian, Sophocles, in 441 B.C. The story took place in the city of Thebes and the time period is not mentioned. The main characters introduced in the play are of Antigone, Ismene, Creon, and Haemon. The primary focus was centered on Antigone and the consequences she faces after breaking the Kings orders. In the beginning, the author introduced Antigone and herRead MoreEssay on Antigone1426 Words   |  6 Pagesimprudent judgments will ultimately suffer from the consequences of their actions. In Sophocles Antigone, these prejudices notably surface in the form of paternalism as demonstrated through Creons government, highlighting the importance of gender roles throughout the play. Therefore, analyzing the motif of gender roles and its effect on the definition of justice through the perspectives of Ismene, Antigone, and Creon enables the audience to understand how Sophocles macroscopic analogy to humanitysRead MoreAntigone by Sophocles622 Words   |  3 PagesIn the playwright Antigone by Sophocles, the characters reveal their values while exposing a life lessons through their actions, dialogue, thoughts ,and effects on others. Antigone starts with two brothers, Eteocles and Polyneices, being killed at battle. Creon, the king of Thebes, declares that Eteocles’ death will be h onored and Polyneices’ dishonored. He instead will lay unburied to become the food of animals. When the play opens, Antigone takes Ismene, Antigone and Ismene are sisters of the dead

Essay on The Department of Human Services in The State of...

The Department of Human Service (DHS) is a national or sub national umbrella agency that was set into place to provide public assistance in different cities and regions across America (U.S. Department of Human Services, [DHS], 2011). According to Dr. Raquel Hatter, Commissioner of Tennessee, the DHS Mission Statement is; â€Å"To improve the well-being of Tennesseans who are economically disadvantaged, vulnerable or living with disabilities through a network of financial, employment, protective and rehabilitative services† (DHS, 2011). In this observation we are going to take a look at DHS in the state of Tennessee, as well as what DHS offers within their system. We will also take a look at how DHS relates to, and implements the empowerment†¦show more content†¦Each of these programs aids and assets adults, families, children, and disabled clients in addressing discrimination, oppression, vulnerabilities, and conditions of inequality, as well as empowers the clients i n making positive change in their lives. Next we are going to take a look at the process in how to apply and began to use the services that DHS provides. Residents of Tennessee can go into any local DHS center and fill out an application, they can also go online and fill out the application from the comfort of their own home, or you can even request an application by mail (DHS, 2011). Once the application is filled out and turned in to DHS, the client will then be called or mailed a document telling the client that they have an appointment on a certain date, in which they will come in and talk with a case worker (DHS, 2011). Once the appointment is established the resident will go in and explain their situation to the case worker, at that time the case worker and the client will go over the client’s case (DHS, 2011). If the case worker needs further documentation to back up the client’s case then they will be asked to provide the additional paper work before a certain date (DHS, 2011). Once the case worker has all the information needed from the client, the case worker will then began to work on the case and establish eligibility for the programs that the client qualifies for (DHS, 2011). If the client isShow MoreRelatedChild Focus Essay885 Words   |  4 PagesThe three states that I used to investigate the current child find efforts were, Rhode Island, Tennessee and Lewiston Maine. The people who were doing the outreach for child find were clinics, doctors, educators, family resource centers, health department, head starts, daycare and preschool centers, even early interventionist. These are the sources that works with the the school to find children who need special support with disabilities. Although every states have to follow the Individuals withRead MoreMark Gwyn : Director Of The Tennessee Bureau Of Investigation902 Words   |  4 Pagesbecame Director of the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation in 2004. During his tenure, Gwyn has expanded the reach and res ources of the agency. He oversaw the creation of the Technical Services Unit, which is responsible for high-tech surveillance methods, computer forensics, and investigating internet crimes against children. Under his leadership, the Tennessee Fusion Center was established within TBI’s headquarters as a central hub of information sharing between local, state, and federal law enforcementRead MoreChild Hunger And Food Insecurity1469 Words   |  6 Pagesproblem in Tennessee. Literature suggests that food insecurity for children, while a nationwide problem, is highest for children living in southern states. Tennessee children experience significant food insecurity. Proper child nutrition is essential to proper health and development. In order for children to maintain focus, achieve productivity and physical strength, they need adequate. Food Nutrition Services (FNS) administers food reimbursement programs through the United States Department of AgricultureRead MoreAmerica Sho uld Not Afford For Nonviolent Criminals Essay1741 Words   |  7 Pagesthemselves and their families make better sense. In addition, offenders should pay supervision fees, restitution to victims and court costs. Further, offenders on community supervision could utilize to addiction treatment programs and mental health services to avoid re-offending. Community supervision offers an excellent alternative to the high cost of incarceration while shifting the financial burden to the offender. The costs of incarceration continue to rise. In 2013, a three-year prison sentenceRead MoreThe Human Resources Department At Kroger Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Resources The Human Resources department is a very important part in business because the company aspires to hire keen and honest people for employment. These days, more corporations are expanding their business into other countries, so they look to hire more diverse and bilingual people. Being one of the largest grocery stores in the United States, Kroger receives a wide variety of diverse shoppers. Kroger hires for full-time and part-time positions. The first step of the applicationRead MorePersuasive Essay On Drug Testing927 Words   |  4 Pagestest before receiving financial assistance from the government. In the United States, some people across the country are failing drug tests. This means that they are tested for having illegal drugs. This is bad for the country because this could lead to death and being arrested. So the government is seeking to make these people have immediate drug tests so they can â€Å"crack† this problem open. In the state of Tennessee, they passed a law to test people for drugs. As stated in Text 2, â€Å"Six monthsRead MoreThe Field Of Human Resource Management Essay1358 Words   |  6 PagesThe field of Human Resource Management is a major factor in utilizing individuals within the company to achieve organizational objects, while facing a multitude of challenges daily. While conducting a phone interview on September 27, 2016 at 11:30 am with Missi Bowers, the Human Resource Manager and Environmental Health and Safety Coordinator at the Masonite Architectural Algoma Hardwoods plant in Jefferson City, Tennessee, she provided first hand experience within the career. Mrs. Bowers can beRead MoreOrganization Structure of Memphis City Schools1079 Words   |  5 PagesEvery type of company or organization that exists operates with a certain organizational structure. However, the organizational structure is tailored to best meet the needs and services of the company. Organizational struc tures are used as a means of communicating how business will take place within an organization. The structure of an organization is important to the main areas that make an organization function effectively. Organization functions and designs determine the organizational structureRead MoreIs The Safe Harbor Law? Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesSafe Harbor law is there for many human trafficking victims, it not only provides assistance for human trafficking victims, to heal from the trauma of this crime, but this law also allows juvenile judges to hold hearings to determine whether a minor is a human trafficking victim and a procedure to temporality set aside the complaint for a crime such as prostitution or other related offenses. The safe harbor law is to try to ensure the safety and wellbeing of minor human trafficking victims. I would likeRead MoreBshs/422 - Cultural Diversity and Special Populations Final Exam1918 Words   |  8 Pageschildrens overall wellbeing based on the in formation given in the case study. Be specific, identify, and list what areas need to be included in Esmeraldas treatment plan. How will you find out this information? 1. Esmeralda is determined eligible for services after the intake staff completed the assessment instrument so developing a care plan is necessary for Esmeralda. The majority of immigrants that do not speak English fluently ask their family or friends to interpret for them (Pope, 2010). I do not

Supply Chain Management Metrics Free Essays

Selecting the key metrics to measure performance a long the supply chain can be crucial, as clear connections have to be made between the metrics and the business goals in order for the business to achieve the results they are looking for and also to achieve growth within the market place. Management should identify the key performance indicators they need to focus on, measuring these indicators can help them in reaching the company’s goals. We have identified Total Throughput Time, Right First Time and On-Time Shipment Delivery as key supply chain metrics to measure across the supply chain. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chain Management Metrics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Total Throughput Time The total throughput time of an organisation captures the time the customer sales order is received to the time the product is ready to ship. This time is an accumulative of all the time spent from procuring the raw material to manufacturing and releasing the finished product to ship. This KPI is key to analysing the direct impact each internal and external process has on the customer receiving the order on time. It provides management with an overall view of the critical steps and the relationship each step has on getting the finished product to the customer. This time is usually measured in minutes or in working days. Management can work with the relevant department managers to set the target needed for each of the critical processes that have a direct impact on the customer order. Each department can then manage internally their individual KPI and work to the pre-determined target. Management can then monitor the KPI’s weekly or monthly. This will provide management with a clear view on how each process is performing and can highlight any issues that could have a direct impact on the customer not receiving the order on time. Monitoring the KPI’s will quicken response times to resolving issues if and when they arise. The customer will also be informed of this time so they can build this into their own forecast, the customer can then use this measure as the time it will take to receive their order on time from the supplier. The customer then knowing the capacity constraints of the supplier can eliminate the risk of over ordering and not receiving the product on time. Right First Time Measuring right first time internally on the product manufactured is an important factor for the organisation, it can identify the quality of the supply chain from start to finish, and how many deviations are occurring on the product right through the supply chain process. Right first time is usually measured in percentage, this percentage is based on the number of good product manufactured against the customer demand or manufacturing plan, any deviations along the supply chain process would have a negative effect on this percentage. Management will set out a target percentage for the organisation to achieve, and this has to be met by the organisation if the customer is to receive the order on time. This can then be monitored weekly or monthly by management. Right first time can be viewed either positively or negatively by the customer. If the supplier has a high right first time percentage, this can be viewed as a positive by the customer that the suppliers supply chain is strong with little deviations to the process. If on the other hand the supplier had a low right first time percentage, the customer could be worried that the suppliers supply chain is weak, which could have negative implications on the demand in the future, or that there is an issue with the quality of the product, this could lead to product re-calls and jeopardise the suppliers long term future with the customer. On-time shipment delivery The key performance metric I have chosen to discuss is On-time shipment delivery. This is the measurement within McAfee from the time the product ships from one of our fulfilment sites to successful delivery at a customer’s site. The incoterm we use is FOB Origin which means the customer is invoiced for the product upon shipment and is responsible for the products in transit. We offer a pre pay and add solution that requires Mfe to manage the delivery to agreed service levels throughout the EMEA region. Each countries service level is unique depending on the physical location in EMEA , our broad rule is we will deliver within 2 – 4 business days to all EU major cities, our contracted forwarder (TNT) are responsible to achieve these targets and report daily on exceptions, weekly on performance quarterly on the previous 12 weeks performance during our strategic business review. This service level agreement reported performance is more importantly the Mfe logistics promise to our customer. We manage this KPI on a weekly performance report to Mfe corporate in North America, exceptions are clearly identified clear corrective actions implemented when non performance trends are visible. This allows Mfe to clearly identify inherent weaknesses in a partner’s delivery chain assign important resources to provide resolution. This simple key performance indicator allows me to identify where issues rest in our regional supply chain, when we include additional regions consolidate this report it allows clear visibility in a simple to read format of where we need to assign technical expertise. This simple KPI provides enormous value to our global supply chain and is an integral part of our relationship with McAfee customers McAfee contracted suppliers. Conclusion When an organisation sets out to select metrics to measure their supply chain the critical goal that is common across all industries is that the metrics have to be aligned with the overall business strategy, doing this will help the organisation to become profitable and competitive, if this is not the case such heights will be harder to achieve as the focus will be on the wrong areas. Achieving the pre-determined metrics across the supply chain will have an end result of satisfying the customer. How to cite Supply Chain Management Metrics, Essay examples

Environmental Sustainability-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Sustainability. Answer: Introduction The scarcity of energy resources is evident since 20th century, hence needed an alternative model to restore the natural sources. The natural sources of energy, like, petroleum, coal, natural source of gas. The excess use of natural energy started giving alarm and there is a need to restore it. Humans are the primary users of these natural sources of energy. The usage of energy started when humans learnt to use fire, gradually with the expansion of harvesting field and urbanization the deforestation occurred[1]. This event gradually affected the air. The excess use of natural resources of energy started affecting the opportunity of the future generation. To reduce the wastage of the natural energy and environmental pollution environmental sustainability is essential. Environmental sustainability defines as to build ecological buildings and conscious community who will know the importance of energy restoration after fulfilling the need. This report deals with the importance of environ mental sustainability. The primary focus of the report is to give an outline of the triple bottom development and sustainable development. The report gives a details idea of the pollution and energy consumption caused by the construction company and lastly, gives a report of an Australian construction company based on the sustainability development. Discussion Environmental Sustainability Environmental Sustainability can be defined as the mutual reciprocal action within the environment to prohibit the damage of natural resources, which helps to uphold the quality of the environment. Environmental sustainability is a practice that to assure the availability of the future resources for the future population. The environment is able to rejuvenate itself by natural processes that help to sustain in long run. Such as, when a fruit falls from the tree on the ground it naturally decomposes[2]. The decomposed food adds nutrients to the soil, which eventually enrich the soil and make the soil favorable for other plants and animals. This is how the environmental sustainability works. Without any external intruder, the nature itself takes many ways to sustain its resources. The intrusion of humans poses threat to the environment as human uses every natural resource for their own need. The usage of natural resources reduce the nature`s viability for some time. The effect can be l ong lasting if the time is not given to nature to recover the deficit. The excess use of resources impedes the nature to overcome its deficit, which leads to long-term damage. Environmental sustainability implies sustainability of many sphere of the environment. Such as agriculture, building construction, energy usage these are some domains where unsustainably is found. These are the domains, where human in intrusion is maximum, thus the people exhaust energy. It is obvious that in a nature every living thing depends on other living things for living. Human started using natural resources since the learnt to satisfy their needs. Human started using fire and discovered the natural source of energy. Human started using caves for shelter. Human started using various parts of plants apart from satisfying their appetite, they used the bark to cover themselves, used the log as weapon. Gradually human started using trees extensively as to build houses, made fields for agricultures, established villages, made furniture for their own needs, built industries[3]. These usages lead to extinction of forests and posed threat to the environmental sustainability. Energy Consumption In 21st century, the main threat poses by the industries as they consumed excess energy than required. Among the several industries, the construction industries are responsible for adding 87% of carbon to the climate. This includes burning up of fossil fuels for instances, coal, petroleum, diesels, and natural gases during construction. This emission of carbon affects the size of the energy footprint. The energy footprint implies that the land require to absorb the emitted carbon. This is a measurement tool for measuring the size of the carbon footprint[4]. The urbanization, agricultural usage of land, industrial establishments reduces the land of CO2 absorption. Construction companies are responsible for emission of green house gas largely; approximately 19% of the green house gas is emitted by the building industries. The rate of CO2 emission has grown since 1971 and it is increased by 2% from the previous. The consumption of energy during building construction is high. The energy is divided by two categories, primary energy and secondary energy. The secondary energy signifies the thermal energy, chemical energy, thermal energy, electrical energy. The energy is generated by burning up of coal, petroleum and other natural gases during construction. This consumption of excess energy is affecting the natural reserve of energy storage. For instances, natural coal reserve is 891530 million ton whereas the production of coal after mining and refining is 7520 million ton and the usage in 7514 million ton same as natural oil, the natural oil reserved is 223454 million ton and the production is 3973 million ton where as the consumption is 4135 million ton. The natural gas reservation is not an exception in contrast to the coal and natural oil, 209742 billion cubic meters is the storage of the natural gas and 3518 billion cubic meters is the production measurement whereas, 3376 billion cubic mete rs is the total amount which is used up by the construction industries. Triple Bottom Line (TBL) Triple bottom line consists of social, ecological and financial framework. This is a tool of measuring the performance of an organization. This measurement tool is adopted by many multinational organizations to evaluate the performance in broad perspective to increase the weight of the business value. Earlier in the traditional business, the bottom line is referred as profit and loss but gradually the concept change as the climate poses threat to the human race. The environmentalists started advocating the fact that environmental factors should be kept in the mind besides profit and loss[5]. The primary reason behind the concept is to maintain balance between industrial establishments and ecology. Another reason of triple bottom line is to build conscience among the people about the natural resources. This concept can be elaborated through examples such as, in case of construction industry, cement production causes air, soil and water pollution. Cement production reduces the fertilit y of the land and damage the upper layer of the soil, which leads to soil erosion and flood. On the other hand, toxic wastes are drained in to the river; because of the excess amount of alkali in the waste, it makes the water toxic to the people. Cement industry causes remarkable damage to the ozone layer. All these damage if compensated by the government with the money of the taxpayers then this will be the failure of the cost benefit analysis in terms of the society. Sustainable Development The sustainable development refers to the organizing the goals of human development and sustainability ecosystem. The earlier concept was centered at forest management, since 20th century the concept has changed to economical and social development[6]. Sustainable development works in three different domains social, environmental and economical. The environmental sustainability deals with the human settlement. The primary role of sustainable development is to meet the fundamental need of human like, air, water, food, clothes and shelter[7]. The sustainability development deals with the assessment of climate change and keeps the track of water and energy usage, renewable energy utilization. Relationship between TBL and Sustainable Development The relationship between triple bottom line and sustainability development is that both deal with the ecological balance. The sustainable development maintains the balance of ecology and biodiversity. The triple bottom line deals with the three dimensions, ecological, social and financial[8]. An organization looks after the people and planet besides profit. The triple down maintains parity between profit and the people and the planet. Sustainability development measures the deficit in the climate that is caused by the industry. Triple bottom line is a challenging task because a company has to keep its financial profits high and at the same time maintaining balance with the environment. Triple bottom line looks after the company`s interest towards social responsibility and economic value and its effect on the environment. Earlier company`s profit was satisfactory but at the same time, the company used to overlook the labors condition. The concept of sustainable development stands for holistic approach to balance between the needs and the awareness. Generally, development implies the need without taking into account the future impact. Depending on the ways, the effect of the development works. The impact is the consequence of the decision that leads to degradation of quality life. Triple bottom line deals with the job facilities, employee income, natural energy consumption, waste management and compare the employee income with the living cost of the employees. Triple bottom line deals with the internal public of the company as the employees are able to access all the advantages they were given and looks after the immediate damage that is caused by the organization`s power consumption , emission gases and solid and water wastes[9]. On the contrary, the sustainability development mostly deals with the external public who are directly affected by the climate change. Social impact responsibility directly falls under triple bottom line because a company looks after whether the pricing of the product is reasonable to the customer. Sustainable development emphasizes the needs of the people but not wanting to compromise the possibility of the future generation. The primary aspect of sustainability is to achieve the need of the under privileged. Sustainability pushes a way the all the limitations that was imposed on the people. The sustainability raises question on inequality prevailing in the society, which impedes the people to access the advantages of quality life. Significance of TBL in Sustainable Development Significance of triple bottom line is that it deals with the three domains, ecology, society and economy. An organization tries to maintain parity among three. The triple bottom line deals with the internal people of an industry and with the wastes, the industry emits during the production. The triple bottom line is a framework, which helps an organization to take the responsibility of the workers[10]. The payment methods, the wage that decides the livelihood of the workers, health benefits, educational benefits these are some of the aspects that the framework deals with. Triple bottom line earlier dealt with only profit and loss but since 20th century, the triple bottom line framework incorporated the two factors, society and ecology. The scarcity of natural resources of energy started creating alarm hence the need of a new framework to restore the natural sources appears to be essential to the environmentalists. The framework also encourages the industries to opt for recycling proc ess. These significances of triple bottom line support the objectives of sustainability development. The sustainability tries to meet the people`s need without hampering the opportunity of the future generation. Triple bottom line takes care of the external people whether they are affected by the pollution an industry is creating[11]. It is obvious that air and water pollution impedes the people to meet their need. The triple bottom line takes care of the society and people besides the company`s profit and takes the responsibility of the workers. Concept and Significance of Sustainable Construction Sustainable construction refers to the construction, which is ecologically favorable. This sustainable construction also known as green construction, the sustainable construction is resourceful and helps to maintain the ecological balance. The sustainable construction is called sustainable because of its planning of the area, design of the buildings, the operation of the architect and engineers, the mode of renovation, and the future planning of demolition[12]. The planning of the sustainable construction cooperates with the architect, engineers and the workers and with the customers. The sustainable construction stresses on the economy, longevity, usefulness and wellbeing. The sustainability lies with the energy consumption of the construction. The consumption does not harm the natural resources of the energy and this model tries to divert the energy usage towards the renewable energy. The main objective of this construction is to restore the natural energy for the future use as wel l as meet the people`s need. Another aim of the sustainable construction is to minimize the waste and pollution. The domestic waste can be solid and liquid which contaminate the water when it is drained into the river[13]. This contamination directly harms the people and makes the water of the river unusable and if used the many water borne disease can be spread. Health is another objective of the sustainable construction. From the planning to the finish of the project the investors and the organization look after the health benefit of the workers, architect and the engineers and later the clients and the people who can be indirectly affected by the construction. Emission of carbon from the construction industry is significantly high but the sustainable construction keep this in min d as minimize the emission of carbon to protect the ozone layers. The concept of sustainable construction based on natural materials and focuses on the using of renewable energy like bio gas, solar energ y, retaining rain water to reduce the waste of natural resources. Sustainability Report of a Hypothetical Company Name of the Company: Olive Tree Construction Location: Towsnville Business: Building Construction Olive Tree Construction is the real estate company based on Australia and operated in New Zealand, Indonesia, and New Guinea. A report is drafted based on the Global Reporting Initiatives. The report is on the economic, environmental and social performance of the company. The report is drafted after supervising the five years performance of the company. The primary challenge face by the company is that the emission of carbon by using the natural resources. This challenge is vital as it affecting the ozone layer. The second challenge is usage of natural source of energy for construction, which may diverted to the renewable energy[14]. The third challenge is that manage the waste during the construction and the household waste management. This is important or else sustainability will lose its balance. The fourth challenge can be the air pollution that can be happen due to the traditional use of transport. A construction project requires a huge amount of water in that case using of natural resource of water may pose threat to the society. The sixth challenge the company may face is the reliability to the employees and good will in the employment market. Among the three domains, the economic domain deals with the cost of the product. This is essential for the clients so that they can meet the need as well as the company can maintain its profit. The usage of local resources to cut down the cost is also considered. To develop the theme high quality housing can be provided with low cost if the local resources are used properly. An employment is also needed during the construction and after the construction is finished to smoothen the operation. The regulation of employees income, contribution of tax comes under the economic measure. The themes of the ecological domain are global warming caused by the carbon emission. Reduction of waste and pollutants, measurement of carbon footprint help to balance the ecosystem[15]. Promote the renewable energy to restore the natural source of energy for the future generation. Promote the alternative transport system to reduce the carbon emission, which helps to promote the biodiversity[16]. Water cons ervation is another important criterion to maintain the balance of the ecosystem, retaining the rainwater as the alternative source of conservation of water. The wise use of raw materials helped the company to reduce the waste production[17]. The recycle of the used product help the ecosystem to stay in balance. Every year the company should promote environmental management to keep eye on their throughout supply chain. The Global Reporting Initiative`s introduced the possible solution of the third domain that is Society. The significance of human society is the diversity and to maintain the diversity the company should update its internal work culture[18]. To promote a diversity mix company needs to be flexible when the workers are concerned. The company should provide equal work opportunity to the workers and besides that, the company should look after the health condition of the workers[19]. The education of the employee`s children comes under the responsibility of the recruiter. Apart from concentrating on the profit and loss, a company should be sensitive towards its employees and the workers. Few ways can be suggested as to create an employee friendly environment, like taking up necessary safety measures during construction, which may help to reduce the chances of accidents, the post accident care should be prepared to reduce the chances of causality during construction. Employees health shoul d be a matter concern throughout the year. To make efficient employees proper training should be conducted that will help to increase the good will of the company in the employment market. The company is also responsible for the external public and for the community relation is important. Several social responsibility projects are important for the community involvement[20]. Opting for green building construction is favorable for the community. In the corporate social responsibility project, the company should donate local school building and other activity clubs to participate in community. Challenges and Issues in Reporting Sustainability In reporting sustainability of a company, the primary challenge that is faced is the communication. There are several means of communications. The people who are doing the research they have to stay alert in and responsive in all communication means[21]. In terms of reporting sustainability the suppliers of the particular company are also needed for the data collection. It is often experienced that the small and medium suppliers are not very easily accessible. With the help of the technology the investors and the client can the search a particular company`s sustainability report[22]. This may make the company insecure to the market so some company show reluctance in sharing their data. This step is challenging in reporting sustainability as the researcher has take out the authentic data from the company. On the contrary, some companies find the sustainability reporting not useful so there is a tendency of skipping the reporting. To remove this issue the Global Reporting Initiative`s researcher faces challenge to convince the company`s higher authority. Another challenge that is faced is that, some companies do not rely on the effectiveness of the sustainability report. Conclusion The aim of environmental sustainability is to establish an environment that will meet the people`s need without hampering the future opportunities. The establishment of urbanization which needs construction to meet the people`s basic need but the consequence of modernization is curbing the future savings of life. The natural resources have started degrading for the fast growing construction[23]. For instances the construction of Dubai started since 1999 and the energy consumption was approximately 120 million square meter and in 2017 it is increased to 160 million square meter[24]. It is assumed the floor area of energy consumption will reach its highest limit which is 180 million square meter by 2020. It is evident that construction cannot be stopped as people`s need is one of the priorities but in order to maintain the climatic balance United Nation has signed an agreement in July, 2017 with 195 members from 155 countries to mitigate the green house gas emission by 2020[25]. The co nsequence of construction is also the rise of global temperature, as of now the temperature is increasing by 2? every year. Australia is also dealing with global warming and reason is construction industry[26]. According to Paris deal is the energy consumption is not reduced then the building sector will consumed the whole carbon budget of Australia. References Abbott, John.Sharing the city: community participation in urban management. Routledge, 2013. Biswas, Wahidul K. "Carbon footprint and embodied energy consumption assessment of building construction works in Western Australia."International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment3.2 (2014): 179-186. Dincer, Ibrahim, and Marc A. Rosen.Exergy: energy, environment and sustainable development. Newnes, 2012. Garca-Segura, Tatiana, Vctor Yepes, and Julin Alcal. "Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of blended cement concrete including carbonation and durability."The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment19.1 (2014): 3-12. Gimenez, Cristina, Vicenta Sierra, and Juan Rodon. "Sustainable operations: Their impact on the triple bottom line."International Journal of Production Economics140.1 (2012): 149-159. Glac, Katherina. "Triple Bottom Line."Wiley Encyclopedia of Management(2015). Griggs, David, et al. "Policy: Sustainable development goals for people and planet."Nature495.7441 (2013): 305-307. Harris, Frank, and Ronald McCaffer.Modern construction management. John Wiley Sons, 2013. Hong, Taehoon, et al. "A review on sustainable construction management strategies for monitoring, diagnosing, and retrofitting the buildings dynamic energy performance: Focused on the operation and maintenance phase."Applied Energy155 (2015): 671-707. Hong, Taehoon, et al. "Assessment model for energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions during building construction."Journal of Management in Engineering30.2 (2013): 226-235. Hudson, Norman.Soil conservation: fully revised and updated. No. Ed. 3. New India Publishing Agency, 2015. Hughes, Phil, and Ed Ferrett.Introduction to health and safety in construction. Routledge, 2012. Hwang, Bon?Gang, and Jac See Tan. "Green building project management: obstacles and solutions for sustainable development."Sustainable development20.5 (2012): 335-349. Kibert, Charles J.Sustainable construction: green building design and delivery. John Wiley Sons, 2016. Laurent, Alexis, Stig I. Olsen, and Michael Z. Hauschild. "Limitations of carbon footprint as indicator of environmental sustainability."Environmental science technology46.7 (2012): 4100-4108. Laurent, Alexis, Stig I. Olsen, and Michael Z. Hauschild. "Limitations of carbon footprint as indicator of environmental sustainability."Environmental science technology46.7 (2012): 4100-4108. Moldan, Bed?ich, Svatava Janoukov, and Tom Hk. "How to understand and measure environmental sustainability: Indicators and targets."Ecological Indicators17 (2012): 4-13. Nagapan, Sasitharan, et al. "Issues on construction waste: the need for sustainable waste management."Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER), 2012 IEEE Colloquium on. IEEE, 2012. Onat, Nuri Cihat, Murat Kucukvar, and Omer Tatari. "Scope-based carbon footprint analysis of US residential and commercial buildings: An inputoutput hybrid life cycle assessment approach."Building and Environment72 (2014): 53-62. Pereira, Luis S., Ian Cordery, and Iacovos Iacovides. "Improved indicators of water use performance and productivity for sustainable water conservation and saving."Agricultural Water Management108 (2012): 39-51. Rogers, Peter P., Kazi F. Jalal, and John A. Boyd.An introduction to sustainable development. Earthscan, 2012. Santamouris, Matheos, ed.Energy and climate in the urban built environment. Routledge, 2013. Savitz, Andrew.The triple bottom line: how today's best-run companies are achieving economic, social and environmental success-and how you can too. John Wiley Sons, 2013. Tai, Fang-Mei, and Shu-Hao Chuang. "Corporate social responsibility."Ibusiness6.03 (2014): 117. Wan, Kevin KW, et al. "Impact of climate change on building energy use in different climate zones and mitigation and adaptation implications."Applied Energy97 (2012): 274-282. Zhao, Zhen-Yu, et al. "A corporate social responsibility indicator system for construction enterprises."Journal of cleaner production29 (2012): 277-289. Moldan, Bed?ich, Svatava Janoukov, and Tom Hk. "How to understand and measure environmental sustainability: Indicators and targets."Ecological Indicators17 (2012): 4-13. Moldan, Bed?ich, Svatava Janoukov, and Tom Hk. "How to understand and measure environmental sustainability: Indicators and targets."Ecological Indicators17 (2012): 4-13. Pereira, Luis S., Ian Cordery, and Iacovos Iacovides. "Improved indicators of water use performance and productivity for sustainable water conservation and saving."Agricultural Water Management108 (2012): 39-51 Laurent, Alexis, Stig I. Olsen, and Michael Z. Hauschild. "Limitations of carbon footprint as indicator of environmental sustainability."Environmental science technology46.7 (2012): 4100-4108. Gimenez, Cristina, Vicenta Sierra, and Juan Rodon. "Sustainable operations: Their impact on the triple bottom line."International Journal of Production Economics140.1 (2012): 149-159 Griggs, David, et al. "Policy: Sustainable development goals for people and planet."Nature495.7441 (2013): 305-307 Griggs, David, et al. "Policy: Sustainable development goals for people and planet."Nature495.7441 (2013): 305-307 Savitz, Andrew.The triple bottom line: how today's best-run companies are achieving economic, social and environmental success-and how you can too. John Wiley Sons, 2013. Gimenez, Cristina, Vicenta Sierra, and Juan Rodon. "Sustainable operations: Their impact on the triple bottom line."International Journal of Production Economics140.1 (2012): 149-159. Gimenez, Cristina, Vicenta Sierra, and Juan Rodon. "Sustainable operations: Their impact on the triple bottom line."International Journal of Production Economics140.1 (2012): 149-159. Dincer, Ibrahim, and Marc A. Rosen.Exergy: energy, environment and sustainable development. Newnes, 2012. Hwang, Bon?Gang, and Jac See Tan. "Green building project management: obstacles and solutions for sustainable development."Sustainable development20.5 (2012): 335-349. Kibert, Charles J.Sustainable construction: green building design and delivery. John Wiley Sons, 2016. Hong, Taehoon, et al. "A review on sustainable construction management strategies for monitoring, diagnosing, and retrofitting the buildings dynamic energy performance: Focused on the operation and maintenance phase."Applied Energy155 (2015): 671-707. Biswas, Wahidul K. "Carbon footprint and embodied energy consumption assessment of building construction works in Western Australia."International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment3.2 (2014): 179-186. Nagapan, Sasitharan, et al. "Issues on construction waste: the need for sustainable waste management."Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER), 2012 IEEE Colloquium on. IEEE, 2012. Laurent, Alexis, Stig I. Olsen, and Michael Z. Hauschild. "Limitations of carbon footprint as indicator of environmental sustainability."Environmental science technology46.7 (2012): 4100-4108. Harris, Frank, and Ronald McCaffer.Modern construction management. John Wiley Sons, 2013. Hughes, Phil, and Ed Ferrett.Introduction to health and safety in construction. Routledge, 2012 Tai, Fang-Mei, and Shu-Hao Chuang. "Corporate social responsibility."Ibusiness6.03 (2014): 117. Zhao, Zhen-Yu, et al. "A corporate social responsibility indicator system for construction enterprises."Journal of cleaner production29 (2012): 277-289 Tai, Fang-Mei, and Shu-Hao Chuang. "Corporate social responsibility."Ibusiness6.03 (2014): 117. Hudson, Norman.Soil conservation: fully revised and updated. No. Ed. 3. New India Publishing Agency, 2015. Pereira, Luis S., Ian Cordery, and Iacovos Iacovides. "Improved indicators of water use performance and productivity for sustainable water conservation and saving."Agricultural Water Management108 (2012): 39-51. Wan, Kevin KW, et al. "Impact of climate change on building energy use in different climate zones and mitigation and adaptation implications."Applied Energy97 (2012): 274-282. Santamouris, Matheos, ed.Energy and climate in the urban built environment. Routledge, 2013.

Asian American Literature Essay Research Paper Asian free essay sample

Asiatic American Literature Essay, Research Paper Asiatic Americans seem to be contending an unwinnable conflict when it comes to the content of their authorship. Writers are criticized by Whites for talking out against favoritism, and by their fellow Asiatic Americans for lending to the stereotypes through their silence. I believe that Asiatic Americans should include political relations in their authorship as they so choose, but should non experience obligated to make so, as Frank Chin suggests. For those Asiatic Americans who make known their discontent with the unfairness and favoritism that they feel, in the white civilization, this translates to assailing American high quality and originating insecurities. For Mura, a author who dared to oppugn why an Asiatic American was non allowed to try out for an Asiatic American function, his penalty was # 8220 ; the banishment and demonisation that ensued. In kernel, he was shunned # 8221 ; ( Hongo 4 ) by the white people who could non believe that he would assail their superior American ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Asian American Literature Essay Research Paper Asian or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Harmonizing to authors such as Frank Chin and the remainder of the # 8220 ; Aiiieeeee! # 8221 ; group, the Americans have dictated Asiatic civilization and created a perceptual experience as # 8220 ; nice and quiet # 8221 ; ( Chin 1972, 18 ) , # 8220 ; mama # 8217 ; s male childs and wimps # 8221 ; without # 8220 ; a adult male in all [ the ] males. # 8221 ; ( Chin 1972, 24 ) . This has become the belief of the proceeding coevalss of Asiatic Americans and hence manifested these stereotypes. Those writers who contest these # 8220 ; American made # 8221 ; stereotypes are said to bewray the American civilization and white power around them, and to be # 8220 ; swaying the boat† in a apparently nice life state of affairs. It is as though Asiatic Americans are succombing to the idea that America is the lone topographic point to be and that they should be thankful to populate here. On the other manus, maintaining soundless due to force per unit areas from the white population agencies being shunned by the members of the Asiatic American population. I disagree with Chin # 8217 ; s ascertation that # 8220 ; old ages of evident silence have made us confederates # 8221 ; to the shapers of stereotypes ( Chin 1991, xxxix ) . I agree with Hongo # 8217 ; s statement that Chin viewpoint # 8220 ; bounds artistic freedom # 8221 ; ( Hongo 4 ) . Declaring that those authors who do non reason stereotypes of the good, loyal, and feminine Chinese adult male or the submissive female, are in any manner lending to or differing with them is pathetic. Chin # 8217 ; s sentiment that political relations should be included in some facet of every Asiatic American piece eliminates pick from composing subjects for other authors. Writers are the voices of the people ( whichever people they choose to stand for ) and should non be criticized for taking to discourse issues other than those that Chin deems necessary. It seems as though no affair which topic an Asiatic American chooses to compose about or discourse, there will be person who finds a ground to knock in order to warrant their ain sentiment. However, authors do non print stuff that they do non believe in. It is non their responsibility to delight critics on both sides of a controversial issue, and should therefore show their sentiments without experiencing obligated to include political relations in their work.

The benifits of slave ownership essays

The benifits of slave ownership essays Many factors in the southern colonies influenced the switch from dependence on indentured servants to do labor to slave dependence. Plantation owners first started out by using indentured servants to do their labor for them. But as time went on, they realized that it was cheaper to buy slaves who had the same lifespan but would work their entire life instead of a set period. In order to make business more profitable, southern plantation owners had no choice but to convert to slave ownership instead of using indentured servants. Plantation owners determined that land layout, profit, and lifespan made it so that it was cheaper to own slaves than to have indentured servants. Without an enormous growth in the slave labor force, the massive expansion of tobacco production could not have taken place. Slaves were so expensive at one point that it was impractical to spend so much on a slave when they had a very short lifespan. Although indentured servants also had a short lifespan, it was much cheaper for a plantation owner to pay for them than to pay for a slave. Once the lifespan of a slave increased it seemed that for southern plantation owners the use of indentured servants was starting to become impractical. It was impractical because although the lifespan of the indentured servant increased also, their term with their masters did not. Reverend Peter Fontaine understood this when he wrote his letter to his brother. He wrote that it was a decision of economics to use slaves on a plantation. He also stated that it was cheaper over time for slave labor than for indentured servant labor. If the colonists would not have imported slave labor from Afr ica than they would not have made nearly as much profits; they would have lacked the workers to produce mass amounts of goods. In the south, the environment was a perfect place to construct large plantations in order to mass-produce crops for profit. When the colonists arrived the...

Final exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Final exam - Assignment Example The second innovation is Google Glasses that is creative as it performs many functions that are similar to the iPhone and Android but the method of use is better and more effective. They were created by Google’s X Lab owing to the numerous complaints about Smart Phones. The major investors behind the innovation are John Doerr of Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, John Doerr of Kleiner Perkins Caufield and Bill Maris of Google Ventures (Loth).This new innovation can transform the world by increasing the speed of transactions. The third innovation is the hybrid car technology that was invented in the 19th century. The innovation was introduced by Jacob Lohner whose main aim was to minimize the unpleasant smells and noises produced by regular automobiles. This idea faded away but Toyota brought it back in 1997 with the introduction of their Prius model in 1997 (Berman, 2007). This model is aimed at address important issues such as global warming and pollution. Question 1(c) Innova tion has been in existence for the longest time in history. It takes place when people come up with better ad innovative ways of doing things thereby coming up with solutions to existing problems. Innovation can be in different forms from product to service development. It should be taught and practiced in classes and firms that promote entrepreneurship. Question 2: Unmet Need Analysis Question 2 (a) One of my classmates came up with an innovation that is based on innovation of a hybrid car system. The major issues facing implantation of the innovation is that fuel is readily available in Saudi Arabia and hybrid cars are more expensive. On the other hand, my project is aimed at improving the livelihood of poor anglers by providing an efficient and affordable way of fishing and is already being used in various parts of the world. Question 2 (b) Implementation of this innovation in Saudi Arabia would be difficult as the country is a crude oil supplier, therefore, fuel is always availa ble. Secondly, convincing the audience to purchase a relatively expensive car will be hard. Question 3: Entrepreneurial Role Models Question 3 (a) I learnt about different entrepreneurs last semester however, two of the most influential entrepreneurs are Richard Branson and Donald Trump. Richard Branson is one of the most influential entrepreneurs in the modern times and has led Virgin Group to be one of the most competitive companies in the airline sector (Dearlove 69). Branson is not only the CEO of the Virgin Group but also acts the company’s brand as he features in advertising and television shows. Donald Trump is evidently the most successful entrepreneur in the US and world over (Dearlove 69). He is a business genius who succeeds in everything he does. His name also has a positive impact on the company’s brand. Question 3 (b) These entrepreneurs show Bower’s entrepreneurial patterns of behavior including creativity, the ability to think come up with soluti ons that are outside the box, the ability to take strategic risks and the ability to bounce back from failure (Bowers 45). Branson is a risk taker whose risks have paid off through the successful business ventures. Branson shows the delusion of grandeur pattern that is stated in Bower’s pattern. He always aims to reach the sky even when the targets appear to be too much. He challenges himself and those who work for him to

Business decision making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Business decision making - Essay Example The essential focus of this feasibility study is to help in decision-making in relation to opening Chatime at UK Coventry. The feasibility study is a great measure that is used in assessing the appropriateness of any given venture. It involves gathering data, storing it in addition to processing it to provide the information required for decision-making As such, this feasibility report will seek to present the computation behind the preliminary capital expenditure, the estimated sales, and the accepted payback period. Data collection process requires intensive planning in order to yield optimal results. Planning enables the data collection crew to set in place the various tools required for the entire process. For instance, the preparation for collection of primary data must acknowledge the contribution of this source of data collection to the entire research design. Quite often, primary data represents fresh evidence of data that other researchers have not delved into before. In real sense, a lot goes into the preparation process required prior to data collection process. For instance, the supervisor must ensure logistical plans are addressed appropriately. Considering the fact that data collection process may take place in varied places, it is important that transport means are made available prior to data collection. All the staff involved in data collection must be transported to their various sites that have been identified within reasonable time. This will also entail setting up central poi nt where all the data that has been collected is presented. This is to ensure that proper storage is guaranteed for all the data that is collected. At the same time, it is very significant to contact the local authorities within the area affected by data collection. This is meant to limit any possible suspicion on the part of local leaders or authorities.

Criminal Evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Criminal Evidence - Essay Example When prosecuting a case at trial, you must be ready to defend it as admissible since according to the law the rule of co-conspirator exists, so long as there is independent evidence showing that the conspiracy exist and the two conspirators was present. In child sexual abuse case, some hearsay exceptions are relevant during the trial; courts normally but into consideration excited utterances said by an individual immediately after the bad experience as reliable hearsay. Individual statements or actions made to medical practitioners for reasons of treatment are allowed as reliable hearsay. It is believed that children seeking for treatment see the doctors hence they tell them the truth about their problem (Utah bar journal, 2002). Child sexual abuse cases sometimes take years to go for trial and by then the child might have forgotten or she might no longer remember clearly the details of what happened since she might have made tremendous progress in recovering from the trauma and may be she no longer wants to be reminded. Sometimes even parents may not want the children to be reminded about the bad situation they encountered

The basque conflict

The basque conflict THE BASQUE CONFLICT Project Framework The Basque conflict, rendered more acute by the establishment of a terrorist organisation in the second half of the 20th century, illustrates the contemporary hindrances of an invigorated Europe, concerned with theories of integration and social consensus. This project intends to comprise a descriptive and theoretical approach, rather than a quantitative analysis based on the materialisation of the conflict by the violent incursions of the nationalist group Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA). On the one hand, the first part compares and contrasts the sui generis Spanish state-building process to the thriving ‘imagined community of Sabino Arana, raised through the nationalism of the 19th century, and articulated in relevant facts and figures. On the other hand, the second part brings the conflict to a modern state of affairs, i.e. a scenario of diverse attempts to lessen violence and extremism. It considers micro and macro perspectives and reactions of exogenous actors to this aggiornamento, and despite the diverse interpretations of ethnicity, the paper considers the present context of globalisation, in which identities are no longer guaranteed through states and borders. Introduction The weaknesses in the process of Spanish state-building to which Basque nationalism is inextricably linked constitute an elementary foundation to understand the principles of ETA (1959), as a terrorist organisation, and the nature of the nationalist identities involved in the conflict. In accordance with Linz: ‘Spain [†¦] is a case of early state-building, where the political, social and cultural integration of its territorial components was not fully accomplished (1973: 33), and as a result, its development differs from other European case studies in significant ways, mainly due to its dramatic collapse as a colonial power (Mees 2003). Throughout time, Spain was downplayed from being the most dominant European colonial power to a bankrupt, weakened state with ‘internal problems of legitimacy, identity, penetration and participation (Mees 2003: 6). Within this unstable context, the unification of the disparate territories in Spain resulted in a nation lacking the instruments of integration and cohesion. Therefore, Spanish nationalism in the 19th century remained weak and never became a movement (Seixas 1993). The Post-Colonial State-Building This process involved no common external enemy or national symbols that would promote the idea of an ‘imagined community (Anderson 1999): it was not the aggressive nature of Spanish nationalism that fuelled the ‘durability of regional and local particularisms, but its weakness (Mees 2003: 7). The Spanish were never fully submitted to the idea of nation, and remained loyal to their local regions, such as the Basque Provinces, comprising a particular and differential culture, i.e. an ethnic community that would later become mobilised as a political nation (Smith 1986). In historical terms, the annexation of Navarre in the 16th century represents the establishment of modern Spain and the supremacy of Castile over uninfringeable cultures. Moreover, the Crown recognised the importance of conceiving special rights to certain regions that became exempt from appointing soldiers to the central forces, and were granted a system of laws and practices called fueros that represented a major right of the Basque population, as they conferred (since its codification in the 17th century) conditions for decision-making in most political and economic affairs, with no intervention from the central government (Osma 1996: 34). However, the evolution of the Carlist ideology (in the 19th century), desecrated the unwavering relations with Castile (Flynn 2000: 100), and following its victory in the third war (1872-1876), the Liberal Government declared the abolition of privileges to the Basque Country, instigating a strong resistance. Hence, the conflict in the Basque Country can be interpreted as a reaction to the abolition of rights and concessions granted throughout history, and according to the nationalists: the outraged reaction to the withdrawing of the fueros represented a ‘national awakening among the Basque people (Mees 2003). Early Basque nationalist feeling in the 19th century created an hostile political and social attitude towards the central government, with a developing anti-Spanish and separatist culture (Mees 2003: 8). Furthermore, urban industrialisation and the influx of Spanish-speaking labourers were seen to pose a threat to Basque culture, which is extremely conservative and based around strictly Catholic values, encouraging a nationalist feeling (Woodworth 2001:3). As Basque industrialisation occurred primarily in Biscay, with ‘production of steel, modern shipyards and mining (Conversi 1997: 48), these activities increased the demand for unskilled labour and society disintegration. As an illustration of this phenomenon, the population in Bilbao increased from 35,505 inhabitants in 1877 to 83,306 in 1900 (Atienza 1979: 73) out of the 80% of immigrants, 50% were not Basques (Atienza 1979: 74). The Establishment of an ‘Imagined Community The nationalist ideology expanded by Sabino Arana, founder of the Partido Nacionalista Vasco (PNV) in 1895 (Mees 2003: 5), followed his perception of industrialisation and the consequent immigration to the region as a threat to Basque culture. Arana published his book For the Independence of Biscay (1892) and assisted the formation of the first Batzoki later the Bizkai Buru Batzar i.e. an ideological group that worked as a precursor of the PNV (Elorza 1978: 113). However, after the intervention of Spanish Authorities, Arana was arrested and the party rose as an organised structure, adhering to its manifesto (PNV Manifesto 1906: Volume II). Returned to Biscay, after a course of Law in Barcelona where he was impressed by the Catalan Language and the development of Catalonia after the Renaixenà §a- Arana (a central player of nationalism in the 19th century) was motivated to study Euskerab and contribute to the Basque culture (Conversi 1997: 74). He took the view that only absolute independence from the Spanish state would secure permanent happiness and freedom for the Basque people as culture, history and race needed to be reaffirmed in order to solve the rooted problems. As a consequence, anything Spanish (or non-Basque) would have to be expelled (Mees 2003: 803), as following the nationalist feeling, the only way to succeed would be through the creation of a ‘nationalist history with deep mythological implications, as well as nationalist symbols and purification of the Basque language (Payne 1971: 23). Therefore, in a primary attempt to materialise the nationalist ideology, Arana created symbols that included: the name, Euskadi; the anthem, Gora Ta Gora; and the flag Ikurrià ±a, adopted by the PNV in 1933. Unlike Spanish unification, Arana succeeded in creating an ‘imagined community, with history, traditions and culture unique to the Basque region (Anderson 1999). Violent Incursions and Peace Attempts Since the early 1990s, the opposition within Basque society to the continuation of the conflict has been steadily increasing: groups of citizens became effectively mobilised in an effort to spread their pacifist views throughout the Basque community and build a new anti-violence consensus (Funes 1998: 493). Beyond Basque society, they aim at influencing political leaders, Spanish and Basque governments and at diminishing the power of ETA. As they believe that the people of the Basque Provinces has a responsibility for the existence and the continuity of violence, they intend to become a vehicle for peace. These pacifist groups have increased the conditions both socially and politically for resolution, though ETA retains the support of a ‘qualitatively significant sector of Basque society (Funes 1998). On a micro perspective of external intervention, Gesto por la Paz is composed of 160 subgroups throughout the Basque country and Navarre and organises street demonstrations that regularly attract 15-20,000 followers; and Elkarri, with up to 107 subgroups, was founded by members of the nationalist left, close to ETA and aims to influence those who would join the terrorist organisation or carry out violent attacks. The latter tries to expand dialogue on both sides through conferences, speeches and publications, as both groups look at the Basque people for support in denouncing violence and reducing separatist radical movements (Funes 1998). While groups such as these have done much over the years to create conditions for peace, as long as there is a minority who sees violence as the only solution, grass-root level protests have only a limited impact. There is evidence that Basque society is less and less inclined towards supporting the violence of ETA, giving room for optimism, but peace will only come when the leadership of the group comes to see diplomacy as the way forward. There are three important moments in the history of ETA as a terrorist group, which halted its activities and brought together the two sides of the conflict. The first moment follows the most intense attack against civilians in 1987, when the political parties decided to enter into talks with one another, motivating ETA and the government to discuss the problems of the Basque Country, such as: the Pact of Madrid (1987), the Pact of Ajuria Enea (1988), the Pact of Ardanza (1988), and the Pact of Navarra (1988). In addition, the Plan Ardanza (1998), created by the President of the Spanish Government, Josà © Antonio Ardanza Garro, in an attempt to solve the situation in the Basque Country, led to a proposal by the PNV and ETA to pursue a general agreement, in which the parties were committed to bring together the six territories of the Basque Country whereas ETA would declare ceasefire. Secondly, and considering the incapacity of the Partido Popular (PP) and the Partido Socialista Obrero Espaà ±ol (PSOE) in resolving the Basque conflict, parties and ideological organisations signed a pact in Estella, Navarre (1998), according to which they would study the adoption of the same political resolutions applied to the Northern Ireland case. The elections in the Autonomous Basque Community declared victory of the PNV, and there were many agreements between this party and the PP Government until the secret meeting of 1999 between the two parties, which represented strong contact between ETA and the central government. However, for PP, this was a way to understand whether the terrorist group would be favourable to a definite ceasefire. Therefore, the meeting proved unfruitful and the terrorist attacks restarted. ETA declared the end of ceasefire in 1999 and following this, the PNV accused the terrorist organisation of constituting a bad influence on Basque nationalism. On the other hand, ETA published the negotiations with the PNV and confessed the false ceasefire of 1998. The Euskal Herritarrok was favoured by the PNV but decided to abandon the Basque Parliament, leaving the latter in a political minority. Finally, the third important halt in violence was the announcement of a permanent ceasefire from the 24th March 2006 onwards, in order to carry on the negotiations with the central government of Josà © Luis Zapatero (PSOE), who informed the media on the 29th June 2006 that the conditions for an institutional dialogue had been met. Reactions of Exogenous Actors In terms of international cooperation by external actors, the reaction of France to this conflict has been elementary, as although in the past, the Basque leadership has chosen to operate from that country due to fewer police pressure- since the 1990s, it has made an effort to apprehend the ETA leadership (Telegraph 2nd March 2002). Nearly all high-ranking members of the organisation have been seized in France, including the suspected leader, Jurden Martitegi, arrested in April of this year. However, the significance of the Catholic faith in Basque nationalist expression led to another fundamental reaction, as it preceded the intervention of Pope John XXIII, in the Encyclical Letter Pacem in Terris (1963). In accordance with this document, minority groups became widespread throughout the world but due to some solid reasons in the international state of affairs, ‘[] minority peoples are often obliged to live within the territories of a nation of a different ethnic origin (Pope John XXIII 1963  §94). Consequently: This situation gives rise to serious problems [and] indeed, the best interests of justice are served by those public authorities who do all they can to improve the human conditions of the members of these minority groups, especially in what concerns their language, culture, ancient traditions, and their economic activity and enterprise (Pope John XXIII 1963  §96). This participation complemented by the address of Pope John Paul II to the United Nations (1995), where it is stated that the phenomenon of ethnicity ‘must not be underestimated or regarded as a simple left-over of the past but conversely ‘[] demands serious interpretation, and a closer examination on the levels of anthropology, ethics and law (John Paul II 1995  §7) appeals to the sense of respect of established nations and constitutes an illustration of international interventions that protect the interests of ethnic minorities. Although many authors share these same perspectives, papal interventions were particularly relevant in the religious status quo of that region. Moreover, as far as EU resolutions are concerned, and regarding the terrorist attack of 11th March 2004, the European Council carried out a ‘Declaration on Combating Terrorism (2004) referring to the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations (Security Council 1373 of 2001), which states that granting support to the victims is paramount in the fight against terrorism. In this framework, the EU revised its strategic principles, which included: strengthening a response against terrorism and its consequences; restraining the access of terrorists to economic resources; and maximising the capacity within the EU bodies to investigate and prosecute terrorists. Furthermore, all Member States would be obliged to act in solidarity in the case of a terrorist attack, mobilising all their resources. This measure complements the List of Terrorist Organisations that includes ideological groups of ETA created by the European Council in 2003. Similarly, the United States of America, following a recommendation to improve international collaboration by the President of the Spanish Government, Josà © Marà ­a Aznar, included this organisation in their list of terrorist threats. Conclusion As an example of an ethnic conflict, the preservation of nationalism and racial identity in the Basque Country has been guaranteed through violence in the name of its tradition, history and national symbols by those who perceive ancient heritage as an entitlement to self-determination, and regard their ethnicity as racially different from the rest of Spain. Violent incursions were justified on these grounds. In accordance with previous considerations, Sabino Arana realised that in order to save Basque cultural identity (including moral and religious values), nationalism would require an exclusivist identity. Therefore, one of the core principles of Basque nationalism became ‘unity of race, maintained through eliminating Spanish influence and migration (Payne 1971:36-37). In the Catalan and Galician Nationalist movements, membership can be gained through learning the language and assimilating culture. However, those wishing to join the PNV had to prove that their first four surnames (later only one) were ‘etymologically Basque. Therefore, in practice, Basque national identity cannot be acquired through learning of the language or practicing of Basque traditions. There is no possibility of non-natives joining and as such, it is a very exclusivist movement (Mees 2003: 12). The Basque nationalists encouraged a sense of a unique Basque racial purity, different from the one of the maketos (Conversi 1997: 60), there is condemnation of marriage between Basques and non-Basques due to the proliferation of Spanish values rather than Basque values (Flynn 2000: 154) and the belief that ‘compared to the Basques, the Spanish did not even constitute a race of their own, being a mix of many peoples (Flynn 2000: 154). There is not only a strong racial element, but also a strong religious one, with Basque nationalists believing that there should be absolute subordination of the political sphere to the religious one and of the state to the church (Payne 1971: 38). This racial stance has implications for immigrants wishing to come and work in the Basque region. Radicalisation has happened at times of mass immigration by non-Basques into the area, creating an anti-migrant culture within the community and a hatred for anything non-Basque. Race and religion are the core values of Basque Nationalism, not culture, giving it an extremely exclusive identity.

I think that in Tennyson’s poems, The lady of Shalott and Mariana, Essa

I think that in Tennyson’s poems, The lady of Shalott and Mariana, the central female characters are presented to us in the way that Tennyson views women and their roles in society. There â€Å"Tennyson had great sympathy for women and the ways in which their lives were restricted.† Write the ways in which Tennyson presents the lives of women in some poems you have read. I think that in Tennyson’s poems, ‘The lady of Shalott’ and ‘Mariana’, the central female characters are presented to us in the way that Tennyson views women and their roles in society. There are many similarities and differences in both poems with how the female behave and live. In ‘The lady of Shalott’ the female lives in a tower, trapped and cursed, until she hears Lancelot coming. The lady is spinning tapestry and not looking out of the window at the outside world, yet towards the end of the poem she gets distracted and wants to see Lancelot for herself. The tapestry is an important symbol in the poem; it’s the only world that the lady lives in and this is still just other people’s lives that she sees through the mirror. This poem reflects the political turmoil that women faced in the year in which it was written. The lady is presented to us as being trapped and helpless. She has been introduced to us sat in this tower and her life seems desperate and lonely she’s waiting for a knight to save her whilst she is trapped away from the world. This poem reveals a lot about the Victorian concept of love and women. The lady in the poem embodies the true Victorian image of the â€Å"ideal† woman: virginal, embowered, innocent and obedient, also dedicated to her tasks. In Tennyson’s other poem, ‘Mariana’, there isn’t a development of a n... ...estry flies out of the window (How she saw the world before) and the mirror cracks (Her previous naà ¯ve perspective that she had of the world). The lady of Shalott cannot handle unrequited love and the reality of a harsh world so she kills herself. In the poem there is magical symbolism, this has human significance; ‘or when the Moon was overhead, Came two young lovers lately wed; "I am half sick of shadows," said the lady of Shalott.’ Tennyson writes about females lost in half-life, which results in people taking decisive, heroic action that leads to their doom. Tennyson brings attention to rhymes by making most of the lines stop, and the flow of words is brought to a halt by punctuation. The strong emphasis on rhymes gives the poem the feeling of an ancient tale, when news was carried from town to town by word of mouth and rhyming aided memorization.